绗簩绔?/p>
缁嗚優鐢熺墿瀛﹀疄楠屾妧鏈?/p>
涓�銆佸悕璇嶈В閲?/p>
1
锛庢樉寰垎杈ㄧ巼锛?/p>
microscopic
resolution
锛?/p>
---
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鍒╃敤鏄惧井闀滄墍鑳界湅鍒扮殑绮?/p>
缁嗙▼搴︺�?/p>
2
锛庢斁灏勮嚜鏄惧奖鎶�鏈紙
autoradiography
锛?/p>
---
鐢ㄤ簬鏁翠釜缁嗚優鏃讹紝鍙互纭畾鏀惧皠鎬ф爣璁扮墿
鍦ㄧ粏鑳炲唴鐨勫畾浣嶃�傜敤浜庡嚌鑳舵垨鐞艰剛骞虫澘鏃讹紝鑳介壌瀹氬嚭鏀惧皠鎬х殑鏉″甫鎴栬弻钀姐�?/p>
3
锛庡弻鍚戝嚌鑳剁數娉筹紙
two-dimensional
electrophoresis
锛?/p>
---
鏍规嵁鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺鍙婄瓑鐢电偣鐨勪笉
鍚屽皢澶嶆潅鐨勮泲鐧借川娣峰悎鐗╁垎寮�銆?/p>
杩欑楂樺垎杈ㄧ巼鐨勬妧鏈兘澶熷垎绂诲悓涓�娣峰悎鐗╀腑鐨勪笂鍗?/p>
绉嶈泲鐧借川銆?/p>
4
锛庡�掔疆鏄惧井闀滐紙
inverted
microscope
锛?/p>
---
涓�绉嶄富瑕佺敤浜庤瀵熷煿鍏荤摱鎴栧煿鍏荤毧涓殑娲?/p>
缁嗚優鐢熼暱鍙婂垎瑁傜姸鎬佺殑鐗规畩鏄惧井闀溿�備笌鏅�氬厜闀滅浉姣旓紝鍏跺厜婧愩�佽仛鍏夐暅鍜岀墿闀滅殑浣?/p>
缃槸鍊掔疆鐨勶紝鍗冲厜婧愬湪涓婏紝鐗╅暅鍦ㄨ浇鐗╁彴鐨勪笅鏂广�傚彟澶栵紝鍏惰仛鍏夐暅鍜岀墿闀滄湁杈冮暱鐨?/p>
宸ヤ綔璺濈锛屼互鏂逛究鏀剧疆鏈変竴瀹氬帤搴︾殑鍩瑰吇鐡躲�?/p>
浜屻�佺畝绛旈
1
锛庣數瀛愭樉寰暅涓轰綍涓嶈兘瑙傚療娲绘爣鏈紵
鍥犱负鐢甸暅鏍峰搧鐨勮瀵熷瑕佹眰楂樺害鐨勭湡绌烘潯浠躲�?/p>
2
锛庣畝杩板喎鍐昏殌鍒绘湳鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶銆?/p>
鍐峰喕铓�鍒伙紙
freeze
锛?/p>
etching
锛夋妧鏈槸鍦ㄥ喎鍐绘柇瑁傛妧鏈殑鍩虹涓婂彂灞曡捣鏉ョ殑鏇?/p>
澶嶆潅鐨勫鍨嬫妧鏈�?/p>
濡傛灉灏嗗喎鍐绘柇瑁傜殑鏍峰搧鐨勬俯搴︾◢寰崌楂橈紝
璁╂牱鍝佷腑鐨勫啺鍦ㄧ湡绌?/p>
涓崌鍗庯紝
鑰屽湪琛ㄩ潰涓婃诞闆曞嚭缁嗚優鑶滅殑瓒呭井缁撴瀯銆?/p>
褰撳ぇ閲忕殑鍐板崌鍗庝箣鍚庯紝
瀵规诞闆曡〃
闈㈣繘琛岄搨涓�纰冲鍨嬶紝
骞跺湪鑵愯殌鎬ф憾娑蹭腑闄ゅ幓鐢熺墿鏉愭枡锛?/p>
澶嶅瀷缁忛噸钂告按澶氭娓呮礂鍚庯紝
鎹炲湪杞界綉涓婁綔鐢甸暅瑙傚療銆?/p>
3
锛庢瘮杈冩姇灏勭數瀛愭樉寰暅鍜屾壂鎻忕數瀛愭樉寰暅銆?/p>
绛旓細閮芥槸鐢ㄤ簬鏀惧ぇ涓庡垎杈ㄥ井灏忕粨鏋勶紝閮芥槸閫氳繃鏍囨湰鐢靛瓙鏉熺殑褰卞搷鏉ユ帰娴嬫爣鏈?/p>
缁撴瀯銆?/p>
TEM
锛氱數瀛愭潫绌胯繃鏍囨湰锛岃仛鐒︽垚鍍忎簬灞忓箷鎴栬�呮樉鍍忓睆涓娿�傜敤浜庣爺绌惰秴钖勫垏鐗?/p>
鏍囨湰锛屾湁鏋侀珮鐨勫垎杈ㄧ巼锛屽彲缁欏嚭缁嗗井鐨勮優鍐呯粨鏋勩�?/p>
SEM
锛氱數瀛愭潫鍦ㄦ爣鏈〃闈㈣繘琛屾壂鎻忥紝鍙嶅皠鐨勭數瀛愯仛鐒︽垚鍍忎簬鏄惧儚灞忎笂銆傚彲浠?/p>
鍙嶆槧鏈垏鐗囨爣鏈殑鐨勮〃闈㈢壒寰併�?/p>
4
锛庢壂鎻忛毀閬撴樉寰暅鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗗強鍏朵紭瓒婃�ф槸浠�涔堬紵
鎵弿闅ч亾鏄惧井闀滐紙
scanning
tunneling
microscope
锛?/p>
STM
锛?/p>
鐢?/p>
Binnig
绛?/p>
1981
骞?/p>
鍙戞槑锛?/p>
鏄牴鎹噺瀛愬姏瀛﹀師鐞嗕腑鐨勯毀閬撴晥搴旇�岃璁″埗閫犵殑銆?/p>
褰撳師瀛愬昂搴︾殑閽堝皷鍦ㄤ笉鍒?/p>
涓�涓撼绫崇殑楂樺害涓婃壂鎻忔牱鍝佹椂锛?/p>
姝ゅ鐢靛瓙浜戦噸鍙狅紝
澶栧姞涓�鐢靛帇
锛?/p>
2mV~2V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
閽堝皷涓?/p>
鏍峰搧涔嬮棿浜х敓闅ч亾鏁堝簲鑰屾湁鐢靛瓙閫稿嚭锛?/p>
褰㈡垚闅ч亾鐢垫祦銆?/p>
鐢垫祦寮哄害鍜岄拡灏栦笌鏍峰搧闂寸殑
璺濈鏈変竴鎸囨暟鍏崇郴锛?/p>
褰撴帰閽堟部鐗╄川琛ㄩ潰鎸夌粰瀹氶珮搴︽壂鎻忔椂锛?/p>
鍥犳牱鍝佽〃闈㈠師瀛愬嚬鍑镐笉
骞筹紝浣挎帰閽堜笌鐗╄川琛ㄩ潰闂寸殑璺濈涓嶆柇鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉锛屼粠鑰屽紩璧风數娴佷笉鏂彂鐢熸敼鍙樸�傚皢鐢?/p>
娴佺殑杩欑鏀瑰彉鍥惧儚鍖栧嵆鍙樉绀哄嚭鍘熷瓙姘村钩鐨勫嚬鍑稿舰鎬併�?/p>
鎵弿闅ч亾鏄惧井闀滅殑鍒嗚鲸鐜囧緢
楂橈紝妯悜涓?/p>
0.1~0.2nm
锛岀旱鍚戝彲杈?/p>
0.001nm
銆傚畠鐨勪紭鐐规槸涓夋�侊紙鍥烘�併�佹恫鎬佸拰姘旀�侊級
鐗╄川鍧囧彲杩涜瑙傚療锛岃�屾櫘閫氱數闀滃彧鑳借瀵熷埗浣滃ソ鐨勫浐浣撴爣鏈�?/p>
浼樿秺鎬э細
1)
楂樺垎杈ㄧ巼
鍘熷瓙绾у垎杈ㄧ巼锛屾í鍚戜负
1
鍩冿紝绾靛悜涓?/p>
0.1
鍩冦�?/p>
2)
鍙洿鎺ョ粯