鍗蜂竴
Section C
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are
influenced
by
a
large
number
of
factors
besides
our
biological
need
for
energy,
including
our
eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can
increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size
and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several
hours
after
a
meal,
people's
hunger
levels
were
predicted
not
by
how
much
they鈥檇
ea
ten
but
rather
by
how
much
food
they'd
seen
in
front
of
them
鈥?/p>
in
other
words,
how
much
they
remembered eating.
This disparity (
鐩栧純锛?/p>
suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence
on
our
appetite
than
the
actual
size
of
the
meal,
says
Jeffrey
M.
Brunstrom,
a
professor
of
experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger
isn't
controlled
solely
by
the
physical
characteristics
of
a
recent
meal.
We
have
identified an independent role for memory for that meal
锛?/p>
" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the
relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These
findings
echo
earlier
research
that
suggests
our
perception
of
food
can
sometimes
trick our body
鈥?/p>
s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the
same
3S0-calorie
(
鍗¤矾閲岋級
milkshake
on
two
separate
occasions
produced
different
levels
of
hunger-related hormones
锛堣嵎灏旇挋锛?/p>
锛?/p>
depending on whether the shake
鈥?/p>
s label said it contained
620
or
140
calories.
Moreover,
the
participants
reported
feeling
more
full
when
they
thought
they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What
does
this
mean
for
our
eating
habits?
Although
it
hardly
seems
practical
to
trick
ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and
avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The
so-called
mindful-eating
strategies
can
fight
distractions
and
help
us
control
our
appetite, Brunstrom says.
56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.
B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.
57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?
A) You would probably be more picky about food.
B) You would not feel like eating the same food.
C) You would have a good appetite.
D) You would not feel so hungry.
58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B) Food labels may influence our body鈥檚 response t
o food.