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v汉译英翻译教材
第一节 翻译常识和译者应具备的条件
1.翻译的定义(definition of translation):翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体——首先是就意义而言,其次是就其风格而言。(Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equaivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.----Euqene Nida)
2.翻译的标准(criteria for translation):严复:“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance);普遍认为:“忠实、通顺”(faithfulness and smoothness) 3.翻译技巧(translating skills):(1)直译法(literal translation):直接将字面意义翻译出来。(an adequate representation of the original.)(2)意译法(liberal/free translation):表达原文的内容,但不拘泥于原文的形式(express the contents of the original, but not adhere to the form or word order of the original.),包括重译法(repetition);增译法(amplification);减译法(omission);词类转换法(conversion);词序调整法(inversion);分译法(division);正说反译,反说正译法(negation);语态变换法(the change of voice)。 3.译者的素质(prerequisites for a translator): 3.1精通双语
(1) (Just) imagine (it)(不可能/想不到/真没想到。) (2)I‘ll buy it.(我不懂。/我答不出来。/请告诉我。) (3)You‘re telling me.(我早知道了。/还用你告诉我!)
(4)Now you are talking.(你到底说了合我意的话了。/你这样说才合我的意思。) (5)You can talk.(你不必担心自己要干什么。)
(6)He lost a cool thousand dollars.(他损失了整整1000元。) (7)You can‘t be too careful.(你怎么小心都不过分。) (8)You don‘t want to do that.(你不应该干那件事。)
(9)The facts are more prosaic than the legend.(事实并不如传说那样神乎其神。)
(11)你要有所弋获,则必须在学习中不断深入。(If you want to gain anything, you must constantly deepen your studies.)
(12)陈先生乃中国学界泰斗,他的那本书视为汉语修辞研究的嚆矢。(Mr. Chen, our respected teacher, is a renowned master in the academic circles of China. That book written by him seem to be the earliest one in the Chinese rhetoric studies.)(嚆(hao)矢,第一声,带响声的箭,比喻事物的开端或先行者)
(13)当今澳洲文坛执牛耳者帕特里克怀特的作品