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H3CNE学习笔记
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网络基础知识、OSI七层参考模型、TCP/IP模型 ..................................................................................... - 4 - 网络基础知识 ................................................................................................................................................. - 4 - 1) 计算机网络的定义和基本功能 ............................................................................................................. - 4 - 2) 计算机网络的演进 ................................................................................................................................. - 4 - 3) 计算机网络的类型 ................................................................................................................................. - 4 - 4) 衡量计算机网络的性能指标 ................................................................................................................. - 4 - 5) 网络标准化组织 ..................................................................................................................................... - 5 - OSI七层参考模型 .......................................................................................................................................... - 5 - 1) OSI参考模型定义了网络中设备所遵守的层次结构 .......................................................................... - 5 - 2) 分层结构的优点 ..................................................................................................................................... - 5 - 3) OSI参考模型层次结构 .......................................................................................................................... - 5 - 4) 对等通信 ................................................................................................................................................. - 5 - 5) 数据封装与解封装 ................................................................................................................................. - 6 - 6) 物理层 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 6 - 7) 数据链路层 ............................................................................................................................................. - 6 - 8) 网络层 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 7 - 9) 传输层 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 8 - 10) 会话层、表示层和应用层 ................................................................................................................. - 8 - TCP/IP模型 .................................................................................................................................................... - 8 - 1) TCP/IP模型的层次结构 ........................................................................................................................ - 8 - 2) 网络层 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 9 - 3) 传输层 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 9 - 4) 网络接口层 ............................................................................................................................................. - 9 - IP子网划分及主要TCP/IP协议的工作原理 ............................................................................................... - 9 - IP子网划分 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 9 - 1) 子网划分的需求 ..................................................................................................................................... - 9 - 2) IP子网划分基础知识 ............................................................................................................................. - 9 - 3) IP子网划分相关计算 ........................................................................................................................... - 10 - 4) VLSM和CIDR ..................................................................................................................................... - 12 - 主要TCP/IP协议的工作原理 ..................................................................................................................... - 12 - 1) TCP/IP传输层的作用 .......................................................................................................................... - 12 - 2) TCP基本原理 ....................................................................................................................................... - 13 - 3) UDP基本原理 ...................................................................................................................................... - 13 - 4) 文件传输协议(FTP) .............................................................................................................................. - 13 - 典型局域网、广域网技术 ........................................................................................................................... - 16 - 典型局域网 ................................................................................................................................................... - 16 - 1) 局域网与OSI参考模型 ....................................................................................................................... - 16 - 2) 主要局域网技术 ................................................................................................................................... - 16 - 3) 现代以太网技术 ................................................................................................................................... - 19 - 4) 配置VLAN ........................................................................................................................................... - 20 - 5) 生成树协议 ........................................................................................................................................... - 25 - 6) 链路聚合基本原理及其基本配置 ....................................................................................................... - 30 - 广域网技术 ................................................................................................................................................... - 31 - 1) 广域网基本概念 ................................................................................................................................... - 31 - 2) 点到点广域网技术介绍 ....................................................................................................................... - 32 - 3) 分组交换广域网技术介绍 ................................................................................................................... - 33 -
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4) 配置PPP ................................................................................................................................................ - 33 - 5) 配置帧中继 ........................................................................................................................................... - 39 - 6) 本章总结 ............................................................................................................................................... - 44 - 路由器和以太网交换机工作原理和基本配置方法 .................................................................................... - 45 - 路由器工作原理和基本配置方法 ............................................................................................................... - 45 - 以太网交换机工作原理和基本配置方法.................................................................................................... - 45 - IP路由和路由协议原理及配置 ................................................................................................................... - 45 - IP路由 ........................................................................................................................................................... - 45 - 1) 什么是路由 ........................................................................................................................................... - 45 - 2) 路由表的构成 ....................................................................................................................................... - 45 - 3) 路由器单跳操作 ................................................................................................................................... - 46 - 4) 路由表查找规则（1） ......................................................................................................................... - 46 - 5) 路由表查找规则（2） ......................................................................................................................... - 46 - 6) 路由表查找规则（3） ......................................................................................................................... - 47 - 7) 路由的来源 ........................................................................................................................................... - 47 - 8) 路由度量值（Metric） ......................................................................................................................... - 47 - 9) 路由优先级 ........................................................................................................................................... - 47 - 10) 各类路由默认优先级 ....................................................................................................................... - 48 - 11) 路由环路 ........................................................................................................................................... - 48 - 12) 查看设备路由表 ............................................................................................................................... - 48 - 13) IP路由表摘要信息 ........................................................................................................................... - 48 - 路由协议原理及配置 ................................................................................................................................... - 48 - 1) 路由协议概述 ....................................................................................................................................... - 48 - 2) 直连路由和静态路由 ........................................................................................................................... - 49 - 3) RIP原理 ................................................................................................................................................ - 52 - 4) 配置RIP ................................................................................................................................................ - 57 - 5) OSPF基础 ............................................................................................................................................. - 59 - 用访问控制列表进行包过滤 ....................................................................................................................... - 65 - ACL概述 ...................................................................................................................................................... - 65 - 1) ACL（Access Control List，访问控制列表）是用来实现数据包识别功能的 ................................ - 65 - 2) ACL可以应用于诸多方面 .................................................................................................................. - 65 - ACL包过滤原理 .......................................................................................................................................... - 65 - 1) 基于ACL的包过滤技术 ..................................................................................................................... - 65 - 2) 入站包过滤工作流程 ........................................................................................................................... - 66 - 3) 出站包过滤工作流程 ........................................................................................................................... - 66 - 4) 通配符掩码 ........................................................................................................................................... - 66 - 5) 通配符掩码的应用示例 ....................................................................................................................... - 66 - ACL分类 ...................................................................................................................................................... - 67 - 1) ACL的标识 .......................................................................................................................................... - 67 - 2) 基本ACL .............................................................................................................................................. - 67 - 3) 高级ACL .............................................................................................................................................. - 67 - 4) 二层ACL与用户自定义ACL ............................................................................................................ - 67 - 配置ACL包过滤 ......................................................................................................................................... - 68 - 1) ACL包过滤配置任务 .......................................................................................................................... - 68 - 2) 启动包过滤防火墙功能 ....................................................................................................................... - 68 - 3) 配置基本ACL ...................................................................................................................................... - 68 - 4) 配置高级ACL ...................................................................................................................................... - 68 - 5) 配置二层ACL ...................................................................................................................................... - 69 - 6) 在接口上应用ACL .............................................................................................................................. - 69 - 7) ACL包过滤显示与调试 ...................................................................................................................... - 69 -
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ACL包过滤的注意事项 .............................................................................................................................. - 69 - 1) ACL规则的匹配顺序 .......................................................................................................................... - 69 - 2) 不同匹配顺序导致结果不同 ............................................................................................................... - 70 - 3) 在网络中的正确位置配置ACL包过滤 .............................................................................................. - 70 - 4) 高级ACL部署位置示例 ..................................................................................................................... - 70 - 5) 基本ACL部署位置示例 ..................................................................................................................... - 71 - 6) ACL包过滤的局限性 .......................................................................................................................... - 71 - 地址转换的原理及配置 ............................................................................................................................... - 71 - NAT概述 ...................................................................................................................................................... - 71 - 1) 公有地址和私有地址 ........................................................................................................................... - 71 - Basic NAT ...................................................................................................................................................... - 71 - 1) Basic NAT .............................................................................................................................................. - 72 - 2) 配置Basic NAT ..................................................................................................................................... - 72 - 3) Basic NAT配置示例 ............................................................................................................................. - 72 - NAPT ............................................................................................................................................................. - 73 - 1) NAPT ..................................................................................................................................................... - 73 - 2) 配置NAPT ............................................................................................................................................ - 73 - 3) NAPT配置举例 .................................................................................................................................... - 73 - Easy IP ........................................................................................................................................................... - 73 - 1) Easy IP ................................................................................................................................................... - 73 - 2) 配置Easy IP .......................................................................................................................................... - 74 - 3) Easy IP配置举例 .................................................................................................................................. - 74 - NAT Server .................................................................................................................................................... - 74 - 1) NAT Server ............................................................................................................................................ - 74 - 2) 配置NAT Server ................................................................................................................................... - 74 - 3) NAT Server配置举例 ........................................................................................................................... - 75 - NAT ALG ....................................................................................................................................................... - 75 - NAT的信息显示和调试 ............................................................................................................................... - 75 - ISDN和DCC的基础知识 ........................................................................................................................... - 76 - ISDN基础知识 ............................................................................................................................................. - 76 - 1) ISDN网络构成 ..................................................................................................................................... - 76 - 2) ISDN BRI和PRI .................................................................................................................................. - 76 - 3) ISDN功能组和参考点 ......................................................................................................................... - 76 - 4) 常见ISDN连接方式 ............................................................................................................................ - 77 - 5) ISDN与OSI参考模型 ......................................................................................................................... - 77 - 6) ISDN协议类型 ..................................................................................................................................... - 77 - DCC基础知识 .............................................................................................................................................. - 77 - 1) DCC概念 .............................................................................................................................................. - 77 - 2) DCC的特点 .......................................................................................................................................... - 77 - 3) DCC工作流程 ...................................................................................................................................... - 77 - 4) 轮询DCC和共享DCC ........................................................................................................................ - 78 - 5) DCC拨号配置任务 .............................................................................................................................. - 78 - ISDN DCC典型配置示例 ............................................................................................................................ - 78 - 1) ISDN DCC基本配置示例 .................................................................................................................... - 78 - 2) ISDN DCC备份配置示例 .................................................................................................................... - 79 -
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