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Unit 1 Section A

Love and logic: The story of a fallacy

Objectives：

? To talk about love and logic ? To further understand the text ? To apply the phrases and patterns

? To master the narrative essay writing skill

Contents

? Warming-up Activities ? Text Study

? Language Application ? Summary

Warming-up Activities

Lead-in

1. What do you know about logic?

When it comes to making a choice, many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning;

Males are more rational than females;

2. Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way? Rational world is not necessarily a wonderful one;

Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others; It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way.

Pre-reading Activities

1. The following are some statements to test your reasoning ability. Tell whether the conclusions after the word “Therefore” are true (T), false (F), or uncertain (U). Write your answer on the line before each statement. number 1 statements All odd numbers are integers (整数). All even numbers are integers. Therefore, all odd numbers are even numbers. There are no dancers that aren’t slim and no singers that aren’t dancers. Therefore, all singers are slim. A toothpick (牙签) is useful. Useful things are valuable. Therefore, a toothpick is valuable. True or false 2 3 Three pencils cost the same as two erasers. Four erasers cost the same as one ruler. Therefore, pencils are more expensive than rulers. 5 Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B. Class C has a lower enrollment than Class B. Therefore, Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C. A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons. There are more lemons in the basket than oranges. Therefore, the basket contains more apples than oranges. Taking the train across town is quicker than taking the bus. Taking the bus across town is slower than driving a car. Therefore, taking the train across town is quicker than driving a car. 6 7 8 All the tulips in Zoe’s garden are white. All the roses in Zoe’s garden are yellow. Therefore, all the flowers in Zoe’s garden are either white or yellow.

2. Listen to a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information.

Cultural Background- Logic and Fallacy

? 1. What is a fallacy? And how is it used?

An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid;

By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda; To mislead people;

To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument.

? 2. How many types of fallacy do you know?

Red Herring (转移话题)/Begging the Question(循环论证)/Slippery Slope (滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon (从众谬误)/False Dilemma (伪两难谬误)/False Cause (post hoc) (假因谬误)/Ad Hominem ( 人身攻击)/Appeal to Authority (诉诸权威)/Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)/Hasty Generalization (草率结论)/Ad Misericordiam (文不对题)/False Analogy (错误类比)

Text Study

1. Main idea and structure

? What did the narrator do with his roommate Rob? (Para.1)

They made a deal that the narrator gives Rob his leather jacket, and Rob, in exchange, gives the narrator his girlfriend.

? Why did the narrator want to have Polly as his girl friend? (Paras. 2-3)

Pretty, well-off, radiant;

The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer;

Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firms.

? Part I — Paras. 1–3

The author sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four “wh-” words: who, where, what, and why. “Who” refers to the narrator, his roommate Rob, and the beautiful girl Polly. “Where” refers to . “What” and “why” refer to what to do and why to do it: The narrator decides to make Polly

“ ” because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer, he wants to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful but also intelligent.

? Part II — Paras. 4-25

The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic. Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly four logical fallacies , namely, Dicto Simpliciter,Hasty Generalization , Ad Misericordiam, False Analogy.

? Part III — Paras. 26-43

When asked to be the narrator’s girl friend, Polly refutes his arguments with the exact

logical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is dating the narrator simply because it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket .