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2、教育意义Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由，平等，博爱

3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》 从威廉.华兹华斯发表的\抒情歌谣\开始4、lake poets(湖畔诗人)：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth5、代表人物： 1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate (桂冠诗人)

《The Prelude》序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry

With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”. 与s.t.coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣”

作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry

简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌

2)、Lord Byron 拜伦《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德?哈罗德游记 cantos 诗章成名作《Don Juan》唐璜 poem 诗 satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻 poem 诗 the first volume of poem 首卷诗

3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯 drama 戏剧《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂 poem 诗

4)、John Keats 济慈 poet 诗人《The Eve of St. Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜 poem 《On a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂 poem 《To a Nightingale》致夜莺 poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则

5)、Walter Scott 沃特.斯科特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是创造者和历史小说大师

6)、Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁女《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感

《Emma》爱玛写作特点：the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live.

She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人。

7)、Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯 essayist散文家

6、十九世纪散文的特点：In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude. 在这两个时期的开始，艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活,并使其熟悉和并令人愉快。

Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期，散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定

八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义，Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 humanism 人文主义 1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。

2、代表人物：1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯《Hard Times》艰难时刻《Pickwick Papers》匹克威克外传《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。

2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特女《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱

Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄（主人公：Mr. Heathcliff）特点：brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.

3)、Mrs. Gaskell 《Mary Barton, North and South》玛丽.巴顿，北方和南方

4)、William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场 — this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan. Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness. 在他的小说中描绘了广阔的社会生活，无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义人物：Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望人生就是在名利场中，完美的获取财富和地位的手段。特点： novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of

society。小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照。

5)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特女《Adam Bede》novel 《The mill on the floss》《Middlemarch》 Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场，但是她的心洞察了个性的发展。特点：the significance of G. Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞。

3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate)：1)、Alfred Tennyson 2)、Robert Browning 《My last duchess》已故的公爵夫人 Jealousy(嫉妒) Stingy(小气) 贡献：Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白 dramatic lyrics 戏剧抒情诗 dramatic romances 戏剧传奇

九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学的过渡期

1、Aestheticism 唯美主义 “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术 2、代表人物。

1)、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者 Pessimists 《Tess of the D’Urbervilles》苔丝《Jude the obscure》裘德 novel 特点：His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry. 他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。

2)、Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术

3)、George Bernard Shaw 剧作家(playwright) 《Mrs. Warren’s profession》华莱夫人的职业

4)、D. H. Lawrence 《Lady Chatterley’s Lover》查泰莱夫人的情人《The Rainbow》彩虹《Sons and lovers》儿子与情人

3、 “stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce 《Ulysses》