内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/16 17:23:12星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

2017届高三年级 八校联合调研

英语试卷

2016年11月

(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)

第I卷 （共90分）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10×1=10分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.

The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______ means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.

The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.

Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.

What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”

Section B（10×1=10分）

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

1 / 15

A. astonishingly B. surrounding C. collapse D. unnoticed E. interrupted F. previously G. congratulate H. predictions I. potential J. producing K. properties

In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.

According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.

As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱） to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.

“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.” However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?

This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.

One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A（15×1=15分）

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,

2 / 15

42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?

To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.

There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 . Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.

41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship 42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious 43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger 44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats 45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize 46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors 47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected 48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific 49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure 50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place 51. A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused 52. A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate 53. A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed 54. A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to

3 / 15