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µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö ¿Îºó´ð°¸£º
Unit One/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2. input; output 3. VLSI
4. workstations; mainframes 5. vacuum; transistors 6. instructions; software 7. digit; eight; byte
8. microminiaturization; chip
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. artificial intelligence È˹¤ÖÇÄÜ 2. paper-tape reader Ö½´øÔĶÁÆ÷ 3. optical computer ¹â¼ÆËã»ú 4. neural network Éñ¾ÍøÂç 5. instruction set Ö¸Á
6. parallel processing ²¢Ðд¦Àí 7. difference engine ²î·Ö»ú
8. versatile logical element ͨÓÃÂß¼Ôª¼þ 9. silicon substrate ¹è³Äµ× 10. vacuum tube Õæ¿Õ¹Ü
11. Êý¾ÝµÄ´æ´¢Óë´¦Àí the storage and handling of data 12. ³¬´ó¹æÄ£¼¯³Éµç· very large-scale integrated circuit 13. ÖÐÑë´¦ÀíÆ÷ central processing unit 14. ¸öÈ˼ÆËã»ú personal computer 15. Ä£Äâ¼ÆËã»ú analogue computer 16. Êý×Ö¼ÆËã»ú digital computer
17. ͨÓüÆËã»ú general-purpose computer 18. ´¦ÀíÆ÷оƬ processor chip 19. ²Ù×÷Ö¸Áî operating instructions 20. ÊäÈëÉ豸 input device
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer¡¯s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (ͨÓÃ×Ô¶¯¼ÆËã»ú), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation
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computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
¼ÆËã»ú½«±äµÃ¸ü¼ÓÏȽø£¬Ò²½«±äµÃ¸ü¼ÓÈÝÒ×ʹÓá£ÓïÒôʶ±ðµÄ¸Ä½ø½«Ê¹¼ÆËã»úµÄ²Ù
×÷ ¸ü¼ÓÈÝÒס£ÐéÄâÏÖʵ£¬¼´Ê¹ÓÃËùÓÐÈËÀà¹ÙÄÜÓë¼ÆËã»ú½øÐн»»¥µÄ¼¼Êõ£¬Ò²½«ÓÐÖúÓÚ´´ ½¨¸üºÃµÄÈË»ú½Ó¿Ú¡£ÈËÃÇÕýÔÚ¿ª·¢ÆäËûµÄÆæÒì¼ÆËãÄ£ÐÍ£¬°üÀ¨Ê¹ ÓÃÉúÎï»úÌåµÄÉúÎï¼ÆËã¡¢ ʹÓþßÓÐÌØ¶¨ÊôÐԵķÖ×ӵķÖ×Ó¼ÆË㣬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÒÅ´«»ù±¾µ¥Î»DNA£¨ÍÑÑõºËÌǺËËᣩ´æ ´¢Êý¾ÝºÍÖ´ÐвÙ×÷ µÄ¼ÆËã¡£ÕâЩ¶¼ÊÇ¿ÉÄܵÄδÀ´¼ÆËãÆ½Ì¨µÄÀý×Ó£¬¶øËüÃÇÆù½ñ»¹ÄÜÁ¦ÓÐ ÏÞ»òÍêÈ«ÊôÓÚÀíÂÛ·¶³ë¡£¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÃÇÑо¿ËüÃÇ£¬ÊÇÒòΪǶÈë¹èÖеĵç·µÄ΢СÐÍ»¯ Êܵ½Îï ÀíÏÞÖÆ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÏÞÖÆÓëÉõÖÁ×î΢СµÄ¾§Ìå¹ÜÒ²»á²úÉúµÄÈÈÁ¿Óйء£ Unit Two: Computer Architecture Unit Two/Section A
I£® Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. input; output; storage
2. Basic Input/Output System
3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners 4. LCD-based
5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers 6. disk drives; memory 7. volatile
8. serial; parallel
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. function key ¹¦Äܼü£¬²Ù×÷¼ü
2. voice recognition module ÓïÒôʶ±ðÄ£¿é 3. touch-sensitive region ´¥ÃôÇø 4. address bus µØÖ·×ÜÏß
5. flatbed scanner ƽ°åɨÃèÒÇ
6. dot-matrix printer µãÕó´òÓ¡»ú£¨Õëʽ´òÓ¡»ú£© 7. parallel connection ²¢ÐÐÁ¬½Ó 8. cathode ray tube Òõ¼«ÉäÏß¹Ü 9. video game µç×ÓÓÎÏ· 10. audio signal ÒôƵÐźÅ
11. ²Ù×÷ϵͳ operating system
12. Òº¾§ÏÔʾ£¨Æ÷£© LCD (liquid crystal display) 13. ÅçÄ«´òÓ¡»ú inkjet printer 14. Êý¾Ý×ÜÏß data bus
15. ´®ÐÐÁ¬½Ó serial connection 16. Ò×ʧÐÔ´æ´¢Æ÷ volatile memory 17. ¼¤¹â´òÓ¡»ú laser printer 18. ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ disk drive
19. »ù±¾ÊäÈë/Êä³öϵͳ BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
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20. ÊÓÆµÏÔʾÆ÷ video display
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (¸ßµÍ²»Æ½µÄ) areas (called ¡°pits¡±) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.
Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a ¡°read-only¡± disc.
Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted (ѹӡ) by the publisher.
A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (Õ××Ö½Ú) of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
µ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷ÊÇÔÚ Ä£ÄâºÍÊý×ÖÐźÅÖ®¼ä½øÐÐת»»µÄÉ豸¡£¼ÆËã»úʹÓõÄÊÇÊý×ÖÐźţ¬ ÕâÖÖÐźÅÓÉÀëÉ¢µ¥Ôª×é³É£¬Í¨³£ÓÃһϵÁÐ1ºÍ0±íʾ¡£Ä£ÄâÐźÅÊÇÁ¬Ðø±ä»¯µÄ£»Éù ²¨¾ÍÊÇ Ä£ÄâÐźŵÄÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¡£µ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷¾³£ÓÃÓÚʵÏÖ¼ÆËã»úÖ®¼äͨ¹ýµç»°ÏߵĻ¥ÏàͨÐÅ¡£µ÷ ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷½«·¢ËͶ˼ÆËã»úµÄÊý×ÖÐźÅת »»³É¿Éͨ¹ýµç»°Ïß´«ÊäµÄÄ£ÄâÐźš£Ðźŵ½´ïÄ¿ µÄµØºó£¬ÁíÍâÒ»¸öµ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷ÖØ¹¹ÔÀ´µÄÊý×ÖÐźţ¬¹©½ÓÊն˼ÆËã»ú´¦Àí¡£Èç¹ûÁ½¸öµ÷ ÖÆ ½âµ÷Æ÷¿Éͬʱ»¥Ïà·¢ËÍÊý¾Ý£¬ÄÇôËüÃDzÉÓõľÍÊÇȫ˫¹¤¹¤×÷·½Ê½£»Èç¹ûÒ»´ÎÖ»ÓÐÒ» ¸öµ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷¿ÉÒÔ·¢ËÍÊý¾Ý£¬ÄÇôËüÃDzÉÓõÄÔòÊǰëË«¹¤¹¤×÷·½ ʽ¡£ Unit Three: Computer Language and Programming Unit Three/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. artificial; instructions 2. low-level; high-level 3. machine 4. machine
5. functional; logic 6. statement 7. module 8. digital
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. storage register ´æ´¢¼Ä´æÆ÷ 2. function statement º¯ÊýÓï¾ä 3. program statement ³ÌÐòÓï¾ä
4. object-oriented language ÃæÏò¶ÔÏóÓïÑÔ 5. assembly language »ã±àÓïÑÔ
6. intermediate language ÖмäÓïÑÔ£¬Öм¶ÓïÑÔ 7. relational language ¹ØÏµ£¨ÐÍ£©ÓïÑÔ 8. artificial language È˹¤ÓïÑÔ
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