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习题课-高考英语语法填空和短文改错解题技巧和训练

班级__________ 姓名_________ 日期__________ 学习目标 1. 掌握语法填空和短文改错的解题技巧 2. 明确复习方向，量化复习手段和过程 一.语法填空解题技巧

首先明白英语十大词类：动，名，形，副，代，介，数，连，冠，叹。有提示词：主要考查谓语动词,非谓语动词,形容词和副词 无提示词：主要考查冠词，介词，连词，代词

一、给出动词原形。判断该空做谓语还是非谓语。做谓语，考虑时态,语态和主谓一致，将动词变为过去式，进行时，完成时，被动语态，单三等。做非谓语，填写-ing形式，to+原形，-ed形式，有时需要将动词变为名词或形容词（如：invent---invention，contribute---contribution，attract---attractive）。

二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；

三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词； 四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。

试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，动词”注意要变形，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有‘s 不能弃，“形副”注意互换和三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。二. 实战演练,小试牛刀（先独立完成，然后小组讨论合作探究）

A One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2__the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a

man__3__(sit) at the front. He__4__(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__(mental) disabled.

Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8__his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made__10__of us feel good.

B A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled__4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.

After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, \was awful. Why did you pretend to like__8__?\tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be__9__ (sweet). \this lesson best__10__we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.

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C Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __1__was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy__2__(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not__3__pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet

or__4__(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a

bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter__5__some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her__6__ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes__7__sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to

please__8__. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already__9__table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane__10__ (inform).

D Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life.__1__these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop__2__(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help__3__rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about__4__day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.

One day, he came up with an idea__5__he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired__6__doing this for a whole day,__7__he felt very happy since the crop did

“grow”__8__ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.

This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their__9__(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often__10__(result) in the contrary to our intention. 三. 短文改错答题技巧

（一）短文改错的常见8类错误：

1.动词的错误。包括时态，语态，和主谓一致。短文改错的文章的时态一般是一致的，语态方面要注意是该用被动语态还是主动语态。主谓一致主要考虑一般现在时态中第三人称单数的动词形式。如： (1)He lied down by the side of the path to rest.

(lied 改为lay. lie 表示“躺”的意思时，过去式为lay.） （躺lie lay lain, 说谎lie lied lied， 放置，下蛋lay laid laid) (2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (3) Books may be keep for four weeks.

(4) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

(5) I was used to watch it every night.

2. 名词的单复数误用。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。 3. 形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，surprising 和surprised, disappointing和disappointed, hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级错用。

4. 代词的误用。如人称代词的主格和宾格，they和them， 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，you与your，it’s与its，one与ones，宾格

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(如me)与反身代词(如myself)的误用, 人称前后不一致等。一些不定代词anything与something, anywhere与somewhere，any 与some等的混淆。what与how的误用,

5. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的误用如in 与on，to与for， except与besides的混用。缺少和多余如instead与instead of，because与because of， 还有及物动词和不及物动词的混淆，尤其是动词短语的搭配误用。

(1)Bill insisted in staying near the car.

(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.

(3) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

(4) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.

6. 连词的误用。如or与and，and与but用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。以及复合句从句中which，that，when，where等关系词的混淆不清。

7.冠词的误用。名词是秃子，常要戴帽子；可数名词单，须用a或an；辅音前用a， an在元音前；若为特指时，则须用定冠；复数不可数，泛指the不见；碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 ①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 如：

（1）After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.

（2）Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.

（3）Good health is person’s most valuable possession.

（4）Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.

（5）There is public library in every town in Britain.

8.一些固定结构的误用。如so…that被误用作very…that，too…to被误用very…to，as…as 被误作so…as等。 （二）答题规范

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 （三）单句练习(先独立完成，然后小组讨论并达成一致，再展示)： A.删除一个词

(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.

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