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常用临床医学术语

diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病

advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病 communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病

functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseases 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病

primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病 secondary diseases 继发病

sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症 wasting diseases 消耗性疾病

chief complaint 主诉

clinical manifestation 临床表现 delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因学 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史 precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause闭经 past history既往史 pathogenesis 发病机制 personal history 个人史

symptoms 症状

cardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状 concomitant symptom 伴发症状

constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群 signs体征

antecedent 前驱征 assident (accessory) 副征 commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 diagnostic诊断征 sign of disease 病征 subjective 自觉征，主观征 vein sign静脉征

vital sign 生命体征

body length (height of the body) 身高 body weight 体重 barrel chest 桶状胸 cachexia 恶病质

compulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦 enophthalmos 眼球下陷 entropion 睑内翻 exophthalmos 眼球突出 flushed face 面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重 lock-jaw 牙关紧闭 lordosis 脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动 nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor 苍白 scolisis 脊柱侧凸 agitation 焦急不安 debility, weakness 虚弱 diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩晕 lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠

malaise 不适 night sweat 盗汗 numbness 麻木 rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating 出汗 pruritus, itching 痒， somasthenia 躯体无力 tingling 麻刺感

abscess 脓肿 acidosis 酸中毒 adhesion 粘连 alkalosis 碱中毒 allergy 过敏

coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀 edema 水肿

embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱 gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding 出血 infarction 梗塞，梗死 infection 传染 inflammation 炎症 ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移 perforation 穿孔 necrosis 坏死 shock 休克 response 反应，应答 reaction 反应，感应 thrombosis 血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡

fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热 continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热 low-grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热 relapsing fever 回归热