内容发布更新时间 : 2024/6/1 22:47:10星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

建筑施工项目安全评价

摘 要

安全评价技术是安全管理领域中的新方法，它的出现使得安全管理从事后预防型转变为自主控制型，极大地提高了企业对事故的控制能力。由于目前的安全评价技术主要针对于石油化工等行业以及重点部位的控制，适合于建筑施工现场的安全评价技术还不成熟。

本文综合目前安全评价技术，结合建筑业的特点，运用人机工程学基本原理，提出了一种适合建筑施工现场的安全评价方法。在建筑工程中,施工作业人员的人身安全、施工设备以及各种设施经常受到一些不安全因素的威胁。结合建筑工程的结构、施工作业特点,提出了施工作业安全管理的动态危险性指标,建立了施工作业危险性动态的跟踪分析方法。通过该方法的使用,可以得出施工作业危险度在时间、空间上的变化趋势和规律,找出了影响施工作业危险性指标的主要因素和主要作业工序。分析的结果将为施工安全管理提供客观、实时的动态跟踪信息,提高施工安全管理的目的性和效率。

文章最后结合某工程实例,给出了动态安全分析结果以及安全管理建议。

关键词：动态安全评价；建筑工程; 安全人机工程

I

Abstract

Safety assessment technology is the new method in the field of safety management. It made safety management from remedy after the accident to prevention beforehand. So safety management had the function that can control the way of accident. But now these methods of safety assessment more adapt the petroleum and chemical industries, not construction industry.

This paper integrates the current safety assessment technologies and puts forwards a new method of safety evaluation of building site, which adapted to the traits of construction. In order to set forth the method, this paper has employed Man-Machine Engineering, which is very mature in management theory. The construction engineering is usually suffered from many safety accidents threats to human, equipment and other installments. In the paper, a dynamic safe management approach which is based the man-machine engineering is proposed for the construction engineering to copy with the safety issues , including a dynamic danger index system , a dynamic safe index monitoring and controlling system . By using this new method, the construction managers can understand the intention of construction

II

safe index over the time and spaces, to determinate the critical tasks and the critical factors that influence system danger index. Then the managers can evaluate the overall safe degree of a construction planning before any tasks are to be carried out. The Result of the dynamic analysis and management will provide objective, dynamic and real-time safe monitoring information for the construction management, then will improve the effectiveness and performance of on-site constructions.

In the end, a real building example is analyzed to illustrate the advantage of using the proposed method.

Key words: dynamic safe evaluation; construction engineering; safety

of man-machine engineering

III