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differences, because people are (7) usually happy to (8) reply. But don’t worry if you are unsure about what to do or what to say. Just remember that finding out about cultural differences should give you pleasure and not (9) unhappiness and discomfort.

Key: (1) occasions (2) perceive (3) conventional (4) arouses (5) curiosity

(6) inquire (7) generally (8) respond (9) misery Language in use

1 Now rewrite the sentences using it + passive structure.

1 It was said that Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia. 2 It is claimed that mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviour in Britain over the past 15 years. 3 When told “Have a nice day!”, one Englishman was reported to have replied “I’m sorry, I’ve made other arrangements”.

4 It is suggested that it is unnecessary to say “Thank you” in Spanish as much as you do in English.

5 Disneyland is thought to be a typically American place. 6 Good communication is believed to be as stimulating as black coffee. over

2 Now rewrite the sentences using over.

1 During the ten years since 1997, mobile phone subscribers have risen to 55 million.

Over the ten years since 1997, mobile phone subscribers have risen to 55 million.

2 During the same period, the world has got smaller. Over the same period, the world has got smaller.

3 In the evening and during the weekend, his friends call him on his mobile.

In the evening and over the weekend, his friends call him on his mobile. 4 During the first few weeks of his stay in Italy, he felt he was walking backwards.

Over the first few weeks of his stay in Italy, he felt he was walking backwards.

emphatic structures with what

3 Now rewrite the sentences using the emphatic structure with what . 1 Life can be solitary without a mobile phone. I rediscovered this. What I rediscovered was that life can be solitary without a mobile phone.

2 My mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury. I think this. What I think is that my mobile phone is essential, not a luxury. 3 The people who needed to, got hold of me. I found this. What I found was that the people who needed to, got hold of me. 4 People kiss each other four times. This happens in Paris. What happens in Paris is that people kiss each other four times. 5 By not saying “Thank you” so often, he was perceived to be rude. He didn’t understand this.

What he didn’t understand was that by not saying “Thank You” so often, he was perceived to be rude.

4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1.在过去的15年里，手机已成为改变英国人日常行为方式的最主要因素。据估计，目前英国手机用户

已超过5,500万，而在1997年还不足1,000万。

2. 现在有消息说，伦敦手机信号的覆盖范围将拓展延伸。以后，在伦敦的每

一个角落都有手机信号， 就连地铁也不例外。

3 这个研究话题激起了我的兴趣，为此，我走遍了法国各地。

4 这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，让你感到好奇、愉悦，偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。

5 But it’s not a matter of knowing all the conventions and rituals in different cultures. It’s impossible to collect all the information you might need to be relaxed in the many different cultures around the world.（? 前一句若直译成“这不是了解不同文化中所有风俗习惯和礼仪的问题”恐怕不太好懂，最好意译。后一句的从句加大了翻译的难度，可以把句子倒转、拆分。如“但这不等于说……知识能使你……只是你不可能……”） 但是这不等于说我们需要悉数掌握不同文化中的风俗习惯和礼仪。丰富的知识能使你对世界各种不 同的文化中应对自如，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。 5.

1 据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that …;privacy)

It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 4 billion mobile phone subscribers is endangered.

2 人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less … the more …)

The less they spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for such leisure activities as travelling.

3 对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解于不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以 及传统习俗。(What I especially like about … is …)

What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and know about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.

4 在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只是在极少数情况下，文化碰 撞才会造成尴尬。(culture bump; on rare occasions) In most cases, a cultural bump arouses our curiosity about a different culture. Only on rare occasions can it cause embarrassment. 5 你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right; act on impulse)

You can reserve the right to make an independent choice, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse. UNIT5

Language in use whatever, whoever etc.

1 Now rewrite the sentences with the word in brackets.

1 I don’t know who wrote this poem, but he was very romantic. (whoever)

Whoever wrote this poem was very romantic.

2 Heathcliff may be anywhere, but he isn’t in the house. (wherever) Wherever Heathcliff may be, he isn’t in the house.

3 I don’t know what to say, because she doesn’t listen to me any more. (whatever)

Whatever I say, she doesn’t listen to me anymore.

4 Every time I told him a secret, he told his friends. (whenever) Whenever I told him a secret, he told his friends.

5 Anything may happen, but I will always be faithful. (whatever) Whatever happens, I will always be faithful.

6 I don’t know who sent me this parcel, but they know I like chocolates. (whoever)

Whoever sent me this parcel knows I like chocolates.

7 I’m not exactly sure what I’m eating, but it’s very nice. (whatever) Whatever I’m eating is very nice.

You may end up anywhere in the world, but I will never forget you.

(wherever)

Wherever you end up in the world, I will never forget you. present participles

2 Now rewrite the sentences.

1 Since I felt concerned, I asked her to phone me the next day. Feeling concerned, I asked her to phone me the next day. 2 When Judith fell asleep she was clinging to her teddy bear. Clinging to her teddy bear, Judith fell asleep. 3 Sarah dried her eyes and tried to smile. Drying her eyes, Sarah tried to smile.

4 He took out the card and said, “This valentine’s for me.” Taking out the card, he said, “This valentine’s for me.” 5 I was waiting for the train when I read that poem. Waiting for the train, I read that poem.

6 Since I didn’t have much money with me, I couldn’t pay for the meal.

Not having much money with me, I couldn’t pay for the meal. no more … than

4 Rewrite the sentences with no more … than .

1 I have no reason to get married, and I’ve got no reason to change my job.

I’ve no more reason to get married than I have to change my job. 2 She’s got no reason to feel unhappy, and no reason to celebrate. She’s got no more reason to feel unhappy than she has to celebrate. 3 There’s no point in waiting here, and no point in calling a taxi. There’s no more point in waiting here than there is in calling a taxi.

4 We have no interest in starting this task, or in finishing the first one.

We have no more interest in starting this task than we have in finishing the first one.