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单元过关检测(一)

(时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Words pour into the English language all the time.New ones pop up continually in newspapers，television，radio，and recently，the World Wide Web.They are added to the tens of thousands already in existence.An educated native speaker of English—whether from the U．S.，Britain，Australia，or any country where English is the main language of communication—knows at least 30，000，which is only a part of the overall number that exist.Around 20，000 words are learnt by English native speakers by the age of 13.Ideally，students of English need this number of words in order to write or talk about the various topics they might need to discuss.

But which words should people know? This changes constantly as fresh topics become newsworthy，and produce new lexical items (words，groups of words，or words with new meanings)．Students of English need to learn these new additions to the language，and also get an explanation of what they mean.A good way to do this is to consult an online dictionary.But for people who do not have access to the World Wide Web，the lexicographers and publishers of the dictionaries have created this New Words supplement to help students with these new words.

Words come into the language in three major ways.First，they may enter English as loanwords，words taken into English from another language，or sometimes from a regional dialect or another variety of English.English has accepted words from many different languages.Second，new words can be created by word formation，when words are formed by taking existing words，or pieces of words，and putting them together to make new ones (for example，chat room or change management)．Third，new words can come from layering(分层)，when an existing word splits into more than one meaning.This results in polysemy．

1．An educated Australian probably knows ________words to communicate and show their opinions freely. A．at least 20，000 B．less than 20，000 C．at least 5，000 D．at least 30，000

D 解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段的第四句“An educated native speaker of English—whether from the U．S.，Britain，Australia，or any country where English is the main

language of communication—knows at least 30，000，which is only a part of the overall number that exist.”可知。

2．One purpose for students to consult an online dictionary is to________． A．change words constantly B．produce lexical items C．learn the new words

D．find out how dictionaries are written

C 解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段第三、四句可知。 3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________． A．the English language is rather open B．words are formed in three ways

C．most English words have just one meaning D．chat room is a new word from layering

A 解析：推理判断题。第三段介绍了英语增添新词的三种方法，说明英语是开放的。 4．The underlined word “polysemy” refers to ________． A．words that have more than one meaning B．words taken into one language from another C．words formed by taking in existing words D．words in the online dictionaries

A 解析：词义猜测题。由第三段倒数第二句“Third，new words can come from layering(分层)，when an existing word splits into more than one meaning.”可知。

B

Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don’t talk.Gestures are the“silent language”of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.

In the United States，people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other’s arm or shoulder.Some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug.

Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other，they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle，so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident，they say，“Pardon me.”or“Excuse me.”

Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don’t do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested.But when you stare at someone，it is not polite.

For Americans，thumbs-up means yes，very good，or well done.Thumbs-down means the opposite.To call a waiter，raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check，make a movement with your hands as if you are singing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger(食指)．Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.

Learning a culture’s body language is sometimes confusing.If you don’t know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile.

5．From the first paragraph we can learn that________． A．gestures don’t mean anything while talking B．gestures can help us to express ourselves

C．we can learn a language well without body language D．only American people can use gestures

B 解析：推理判断题。从第一段首句“Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don’t talk.”可知，gesture language有自身的意义，能帮助我们表达，只能选择B项。 6．If you are introduced to a stranger from the U．S.A.，you should________． A．greet him with a hug B．place a hand on his shoulder C．shake his hand firmly D．shake his hand weakly

C 解析：推理判断题。从第二段中“people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.”可获知，初次见面的时候，应该紧紧地握手。 7．In the United States，people often________． A．show their friendship by touching each other B．show their friendship by glancing at each other C．say “Pardon me” to each other when they are talking D．get uncomfortable when you sit close to them

D 解析：细节理解题。从三、四段可知，A、B、C三个选项是错误的。 8．When your friend gives you the thumbs-up，he，in fact，________． A．shows his rudeness to you B．shows his anger to you C．expresses his satisfaction to you