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第I页

摘 要

该文设计的是铅酸蓄电池智能充电控制系统，文中主要提及蓄电池充电方法的研究与充电控制系统的设计。在通过有关蓄电池充电原理与充电方法研究的基础上，使用恒压充电与恒流充电相结合的三阶段式充电方法。该充电方法结合了恒压和恒流充电的优点，避免了在充电初期用大电流充电导致电池过充电和损坏充电设备等现象，又避免了用恒压充电初始阶段对蓄电池自身造成的大电流的冲击，在最后一个阶段采用小电流充电能最大限度的使蓄电池充满并且不损坏蓄电池，起到了很好的充电效果。

论文主要内容如下：介绍了铅酸蓄电池的各种充电方法，并且比较了各种充电方法的优点和缺点；围绕AT89S52单片机，设计了充电系统的硬件电路，包括整流滤波电路，DC-DC变换电路，电池电路，保护电路，模数转换电路，差分放大电路；电流电压检测电路，辅助电源电路，LCD显示电路等电路。

最后对所设计的铅酸蓄电池充电系统的硬件和软件进行了实验调试，实验结果证明了系统设计的合理性以及所用的充电放法的可行性和有效性。

关键词：铅酸蓄电池；三阶段式；恒压充电；恒流充电；AT89S52单片机

第II页

Abstract

The paper haVe a design about the intelligent charge control system for lead-acid battery, and the research and design of charging control system for storage battery are mentioned in this paper. On the basis of the research on charging principle and charging method of battery, using the three stage charging method which combined with constant current charging and constant Voltage charging. The charging method combines the advantages of constant Voltage and constant current charging. To avoid charging in the early stage with a large current charge and damage to the battery charging equipment and other phenomena, and avoid the constant Voltage charging of the initial stage of the battery itself caused by the impact of the large current. By using the small current charging can greatly ensure the battery is full and does not damage the battery in the last stage, there will be a Very good charging effect.

The main contents of this paper are as follows: introducing Various charging methods of lead acid battery, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Various charging methods. On the basis of the AT89S52 microcontroller, The hardware circuit of the charging system is designed, which including rectifier and filter circuit, DC-DC converter circuit, battery circuit, protection circuit, analog digital conversion circuit, differential amplifier circuit, current and Voltage detection circuit, auxiliary power circuit, LCD display circuit, etc.

In the end, the hardware and software of the lead-acid battery charging system are debugged. The experimental results show the rationality of the system design and the feasibility and effectiveness of the charging method.

Keywords: Lead acid battery; Three stage type; Constant Voltage charging; Constant current charging; AT89S52 single chip microcomputer

目录

目 录

摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. II 1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 论文研究背景 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 项目可行性分析 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 2 2 汽车蓄电池简介 .................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 蓄电池的种类 ................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 铅酸蓄电池工作原理 ....................................................................................................... 3 2.3 铅酸蓄电池的充电方式 ................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1铅酸蓄电池传统的充电理论及方法 ........................................................................... 4 2.3.2铅酸蓄电池的恒流充电法 ........................................................................................... 4 2.3.3铅酸蓄电池恒压充电法 ............................................................................................... 4 2.4 铅酸蓄电池的快速充电理论 ........................................................................................... 5 2.4.1铅酸蓄电池快速充电原理 ........................................................................................... 5 2.4.2变电流间歇式正负脉冲充电法 ................................................................................... 6 2.4.3脉冲充电法 ................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.3三阶段式充电法 ........................................................................................................... 7 2.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 7 3 基本设计方案 ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 总体设计方案 ................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1系统的设计要求 ........................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2快速充电方法的选择 ................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3充电参数的确定 ........................................................................................................... 8 3.1.4充电系统的系统框图 ................................................................................................... 8 3.2 充电系统的充电方法的控制与实现 ............................................................................... 9 3.3 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 9 4 充电系统硬件设计 ............................................................................................................ 10 4.1 单相桥式整流、滤波电路 ............................................................................................. 10 4.2 DC-DC电路 ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.1实际DC-DC电路分析 .............................................................................................. 12 4.3 PWM控制电路................................................................................................................ 13 4.4 电池电路和保护电路 ..................................................................................................... 14 4.5 电池电压和充电电流检测电路 ..................................................................................... 15