内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/18 16:41:59星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。
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新SAT考试官方指南阅读长难句分析
The thing itself----the work of copying and translating business-letters---was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been all, I should long have borne with the nuisance; I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting my living and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have endured in silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties; I should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I longed for liberty; I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might have ventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joyless tumult of Bigben Close , and its anting desire for freer and fresher scenes; I should have set up the image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my small bedroom at Mrs.King’s lodgings, and they two should have been my household gods, from which my darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination , the tender and the mighty, should never, either by softness or strength, have severed me。
以上是新SAT OG (官方指南)第二套题第一篇文章里的句子，几乎可以说是整本OG里最长的句子。很多同学在读到这个句子的时候，觉得句子太难读不懂，现在就为同学们分析下这个句子。 首先我们把这个句子的结构简化一下，使同学们看的更清楚一点。
The thing itself----the work of copying and translating business-letters---was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been all, I should 1; ... I should 2; I should 3; I should 4; I should 5. 这个主干的前半句很好理解：抄写和翻译商务信件这件事本身就够枯燥乏味的了。后半句是一个虚拟语气，而且是虚拟语气的一个倒装。(如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were,had,could,should,有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could 之后)。
倒装之前的结构应该是 If that had been all, I should 1; ... I should 2; I should 3; I should 4; I should 5. 这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，意思是，但是假如那就是全部的话，我应该会1;.。。我应该会2;我应该会3;我应该会4;我应该会5.
接下来我们来分析一下这几个应该：这几个应该都是前面那个虚拟语气条件从句的结果主句，结构都是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句的结构I should have +过去分词的结构。
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1.I should long have borne with the nuisance。 Borne：bear 的过去分词
Nuisance ：讨厌的东西(人，行为)
翻译：我就会长久的忍受这些令人生厌的人和事。
2.I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting my living and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have endured in silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties。
这句里面有一处省略，可能会造成理解的障碍，and 前后的并列结构是of an impatient nature, influenced by the double desire。 因为这两个结构前面的成分是一样的(I am not)，所以省略了。 翻译：我并不是一个没有耐心的人，也没有受到既要过自己的(喜欢)的生活，又要向自己和他人证明自己要成为一个商人的决心这样的双重欲望的影响，我应该会默默地忍受自己最好的能力被荒废与束缚。 3.I should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I longed for liberty 翻译：我应该不会低声说我渴望自由，哪怕是在心里说。
4.I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might have ventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joyless tumult of Bigben Close , and its pnting desire for freer and fresher scenes。
Bigben Close：英国的一种路，车辆只能从一端进入，通往私人住所 Pent: pen的过去分词
在这句当中，its distress和it panting 是并列关系，两者既是pent的宾语，也是intimate的宾语。 翻译：我应该会把我的心对于在密闭，多烟，单调，和毫无乐趣的死胡同里的喧嚣之下的痛苦以及它对于更自由更清新的环境的渴望禁锢在每一次叹息当中，通过这些叹息我的心大着胆子去暗示它的痛苦和渴望。
5.I should have set up the image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my small bedroom at Mrs.King’s lodgings, and they two should have been my household gods, from which my
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darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination , the tender and the mighty, should never, either by softness or strength, have severed me。
From which 这里开始有点绕，把同位语和插入语都扔掉，主干是：from which Imagination should never have severed me。
翻译：在我寄宿的Mrs.King 的小卧室里，我应该会树立起热爱坚忍，认真负责的形象，我应该把坚忍和负责奉为我的家庭之神，我的亲爱的，我所悄悄珍爱的想象力，无论强弱，都永远不会或温柔或强力地把我与之(坚忍和负责)分开。
想要攻克长难句就要学会将句子拆分，再一点点的分析句子结构成分。只要句子结构清晰，那么不管句子再复杂意思也会很明确的。