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摘 要

立体车库是专门实现各种车辆的自动停放及科学寄存的仓储设施。随着城市汽车保有量的不断增加，停车难问题己经成为大中型城市的一个普遍现象。机械式立体车库可充分利用上地资源，发挥空间优势，最大限度地停放车辆，成为解决城市静态交通问题的重要途径。本课题以较为典型的升降横移式立体车库为研究对象，综合考虑立体车库制造成本和运行效率的双重因素。

本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分调研的基础上，选择三层三列式车库结构为研究模型。升降横移式立体车库就其组成部分而言，可分为三大部分：车库结构部分、传动机构部分和控制系统部分。本文简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点，对车库的控制系统也作了简单的说明，依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理，运用力学理论对升降横移式立体车库的结构进行了全面的力学分析，包括升降横移式立体车库的框架结构的强度、横移传动系统中轴的强度和升降传动系统中轴的强度等。在对升降横移式立体车库控制系统的设计中，采用了先进的PLC控制，运用欧姆龙公司的编程软件编制了升降横移式立体车库控制系统的程序，并经调试、运行，证明采用可编程序控制器(PLC)作为控制系统简单易行。其稳定、可靠、快速、性价比高的特点使得控制系统非常完美。为了使停车设备满足使用要求，根据国家关于机械式停车设备通用安全要求的标准、升降横移式立体车库的实际，在升降横移式立体车库中使用了一些必要的安全技术，这样保证了车辆的绝对安全，使得整个车库可以安全平稳的运行。

Abstract

Stereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile.As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays,the hard-to-Park Problem has become a common phenomenon.Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play,and maximize the number of parking cars.It has become an important way for statictraffic problem of cities.The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage,and regards of the two factors of cost of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.

On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad,we choose three-layer and three-formulistic garage structure as the research model.According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player up-down and translationear-base,it is made of three parts:partofear-basestructure、part of driving-framework and part of control system.The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system.The finite element reliability checking of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage,the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage.Including intension of the framework structure and axes, etc.The paper adopted PLC as control system in designing the up-down and translation stereo garage,PLC software of OMRONcompany was used to weave the program of control system,through debugging running.The result proved that adopted PLC as control system

is

simple

and

easy

to

realize.The

characteristic

of

stabilization,credibility,speediness and high capability made the control system very perfection.In order to satisfy using demand in design stereo garage,according to criterion of mechanical parking systems-general safety requirement and the facts of the up-down and translation stereo garage the Paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the up-down and translation stereo garage.This can ensure absolute safety for Car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth.

Keywords：Stereo garage,Control system,PLC,Steel structure .

目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. 2 目录 ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 1 绪论 .................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.1目的及意义 ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.2立体车库国内外发展历史及现状 ........................................................................................ 6 1.3立体车库的类型.................................................................................................................... 7 1.4智能立体停车库的发展前景 .............................................................................................. 11 1.5关于本设计主要工作和安排 .............................................................................................. 11 2. 升降横移式立体车库控制系统总体方案 ................................................................................... 12

2.1 升降横移立体车库车位结构 ............................................................................................. 12 2.1.1停车设备的主要组成部分 .............................................................................................. 13 系统研究采用的事三层三列形式的七车位升降横移式智能立体车库进行研究和系统设计，具体构造示意图如图2-2所示。 ............................................................................................. 13 2.1.2车辆存取原理.................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.3升降横移类机械式停车设备设计和安装的特殊要求 .................................................. 15 2.2 升降横移式立体车库控制系统研究 ................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 立体车库控制系统分析 ................................................................................................. 16 2.2.2立体车库控制系统组件 .................................................................................................. 17 2.3立体车库控制系统的输入输出信号分析 .......................................................................... 17 2.3.1系统输入信号.................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.2系统输出控制信号和联动联锁控制 .............................................................................. 18 2.4 本章总结 ............................................................................................................................ 19 3 升降横移立体车库控制方案 ........................................................................................................ 20

3.1升降横移立体车库系统控制要求 ...................................................................................... 20 3.2横移立体车库控制系统方案选择。 .................................................................................. 20 3.2.1继电器控制方式 .............................................................................................................. 20 3.2.2单片机控制方式 .............................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3 PLC控制方式.................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.3 PLC控制方式与继电器控制比较 .................................................................................. 27 3.2.4 PLC控制方式与单片机控制比较 .................................................................................. 28 3.2.5控制系统选择.................................................................................................................. 28 4 控制系统的详细设计 .................................................................................................................... 29

4.1 用MCGS设计监控界面 ................................................................................................... 29

4.1.1 组建新工程的一般过程 .......................................................................................... 29 4.1.2 建立立体车库控制系统工程 .................................................................................. 30 4.1.3 设计立体车库控制工程的画面流程 ...................................................................... 31 4.2 系统的操作过程 ................................................................................................................. 34

4.2.1 开机准备 .................................................................................................................. 34 4.2.2 手动操作 .................................................................................................................. 34 4.2.3 自动运行 .................................................................................................................. 36 4.2.4 停机 .......................................................................................................................... 36 4.3 PLC编程设计 ..................................................................................................................... 37

4.3.1 I/0分配表 .............................................................................................................. 37 4.3.2 系统程序的编写 ...................................................................................................... 39 4.3.3 传输、调试 .............................................................................................................. 42 4.4 PLC控制梯形图的简要说明 ............................................................................................. 43 4.5 PLC的硬件设计 ................................................................................................................. 47