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ocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of %unauthorised\d. The township \horised\he existing building \household, one document\ork must be unconditional and full coverage. Main corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a %unauthorised village\According to \d villages\nd shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files, the real \horised village\created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. Promoting the \w\ork to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthorised network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression, demolition work to ensure that the new \o tolerance\cond, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective fulfilment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation \building demolition, modification, use\combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is. To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to \e to split\nd \des\he shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and \d sides\ries work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residential demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put \odified a split\ditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effectivoptimization park environment江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院
第5章微生物营养和培养基练习题(A卷)试卷部分
班级:___________学号:___________姓名:___________得分:___________
题号 得分 阅卷 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 成绩 复核 13 20 19 40 43 15 150 题目部分，(卷面共有66题,146.0分,各大题标有题量和总分) 一、选择(12小题,共13.0分)
(1分)[1]参与微生物基团移位运输方式的体系是： A.Hpr； B.酶1；
C.酶2； D.Hpr+酶1+酶2 答：（ ）
(1分)[2]微生物细胞吸收糖、核苷酸、脂肪酸和腺嘌呤等物质，通常采用的运输方式是： A.主动运输； B.促进扩散；
C.基团移位； D.单纯扩散。 答：（ ）
(1分)[3]在鉴别性EMB培养基上，在反射光下大肠杆菌菌落呈现的颜色是： A.棕色； B.粉红色；
C.绿色并带有金属光泽； D.无色。 答：（ ）
(1分)[4]培养放线菌的高氏一号培养基和培养真菌的察氏培养基属于下列培养基中的： A.天然培养基； B.组合培养基；
C.半组合培养基； D.鉴别培养基。 答：（ ）
(1分)[5]微生物细胞吸收无机离子、有机离子、乳糖、蜜二糖或葡萄糖，通常采用的运输方式是：
A.基团移位； B.单纯扩散；
C.主动运输； D.促进扩散。 答：（ ）
(1分)[6]根据培养基上呈现菌落颜色的不同而能鉴别大肠杆菌和肠杆菌属几种细菌的培养基是：
A.Ashby无氮培养基； B.Martin培养基； C.高氏一号培养基； D.EMB培养基。 答：（ ）
(1分)[7]为避免由于微生物生长繁殖过程中的产物而造成培养基pH值的变化，可采用的调节方法是：
A.在配制培养基时加入磷酸盐缓冲液或不溶性CaCO3。 B.在配制培养基时应高于或低于最适pH值；
C.在配制培养基时降低或提高碳、氮源用量；改变碳氮比。 D.在培养过程中控制温度和通气量。 答：（ ）
(1分)[8]微生物细胞吸收 O2、CO2、乙醇和少数氨基酸分子，通常采用的运输方式是： A.促进扩散； B.单纯扩散；
C.主动运输； D.基团移位。 答：（ ）
(2分)[9]微生物细胞吸收营养物质的促进扩散和主动运输方式最主要的差异在于： A.营养物质在运输前后均发生分子结构变化，促进扩散变化小，主动运输变化大。
nd improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environment improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. Five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. Third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to strengthen responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. All localities and departments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this year's objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. First, we must strengthen the leadership to implement. Departments at all levels should always work and rural \split\portant position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarchical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to implementation. County nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is \ctor\ponsibilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. Second, we must strengthen the test implementation of the Governor. Role play the Governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and \ove assessment methods and evaluation system, accurate assessment. Combined with \play, tree benchmark\building five major operations, carry on and gain firsthand experience of supervision, in particular, to strengthen the focus on the \supervision, urged all levels longer on duty in place. Through the supervisory assessment, to promote habits, stimulating power. Third, we must strengthen implementation style. Departments at all levels to work in rural areas and \water treatment\ng cadres for major platforms, compete against large examination room, inspection cadres work performance of the ring, water control and the Japanese pulled a workout, training, discovery and selection of cadres. Than good catch up, first to excellence-oriented. Party members and cadres at all levels must adhere to the rural, water control and the Japanese pulled a grass-roots, \d\style, the spirit of play, become a benchmark model. Four, we must strengthen propaganda implementation. Comprehensive utilization of micro-credit, micro-blogging, new media, mining, summarizing, good publicity work in the countryside and \split\nced models, point to gather positive energy for the community to see the results of our work in time, increase public awareness, participation rates, satisfaction and support. Play gongqingfu, a mass organization and grass-roots such aschools, communityThe role of ocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of %unauthorised\d. The township \horised\he existing building \household, one document\ork must be unconditional and full coverage. Main corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a %unauthorised village\According to \d villages\nd shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files, the real \horised village\created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. Promoting the \w\ork to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthorised network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression, demolition work to ensure that the new \o tolerance\cond, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective fulfilment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation \building demolition, modification, use\combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is. To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to \e to split\nd \des\he shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and \d sides\ries work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residential demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put \odified a split\ditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effectivoptimization park environmentB.主动运输需要消耗能量溶质运输方向由稀至浓；促进扩散不需要消耗能量，溶质运输方向由浓至稀。
C.主动运输由膜内外营养物质的浓度差驱动；促进扩散可逆浓度梯度运送营养物质。 D.热稳定性可溶蛋白不参与促进扩散，而参与主动运输。 答：（ ） (2分)[10]在下列细菌中基团移位运输方式研究得较多的是： A.伤寒杆菌和痢疾杆菌； B.棒杆菌和芽孢杆菌；
C.大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌； D.乳链球菌和黄单胞菌。 答：（ ） (1分)[11]生活在低营养环境下的微生物欲获得无机离子、有机离子和一些糖类等浓缩形式的营养物，通常采用的运输方式是： A.主动运输； B.基团移位；
C.单纯扩散； D.促进扩散。 答：（ ） 二、填空(12小题,共20.0分)
(1分)[1]Mg2+除了参与微生物体内的____________合成外，还可以作为____________剂。 (2分)[2]____________细菌、___________细菌、___________细菌以及____________类等微生物均属于光能无机营养类型。
(2分)[3]微生物细胞采用主动运输方式吸收营养物的机制在于，通过消耗___________，使载体蛋白发生_______变化，从而能够__________梯度从外界摄取营养物。例如吸收_________离子。
(1分)[4]通过培养基中某些化学物质的___________变化来调节培养基的pH值称为pH的__________调节。
(1分)[5]在培养基中添加具有缓冲作用的一对无机盐如__________________或者加入不溶性的无机盐如_______________，可以中和因微生物生长而产生的酸性物质，从而稳定培养基中的pH值。
(1分)[6]产醇类的工业发酵培养基，其中的__________源物质含量应比__________源含量高得多。
(1分)[7]用于产氨基酸类的工业发酵培养基，其中的___________源物质含量应比_________源含量偏高为宜。
(2分)[8]利用动植物、微生物或其提取物制成的培养基称为__________培养基。它适合于____________用以及用于大生产中的___________培养基或__________培养基。 (2分)[9]微生物可利用的氮源谱是____________元素型、____________元素型、____________元素型和____________元素型。
(1分)[10]一些生长在动物血液、组织和肠道中的致病微生物，不仅需要足够的碳源，同时还必须有__________％（V/V）左右的__________的存在才能正常生长。
(5分)[11]_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、______、_______和___________10种元素是构成微生物菌体的主要元素。
(1分)[12]流感嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus influenzae）是生长因子__________型细菌，需要____________作为其生长因子。 三、是非(19小题,共19.0分)
(1分)[1]微生物培养基中的CN比系指单位体积中碳源的重量与氮源的重量之比。 答：（ ）
(1分)[2]一些细菌和某些酵母菌尚可以石油、柴油、煤油、石蜡以及胶质沥青等作为生长的碳源。 答：（ ）
(1分)[3]光能营养型微生物是指能够以日光作为能源的微生物。 答：（ ）
nd improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environment improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. Five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. Third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to strengthen responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. All localities and departments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this year's objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. First, we must strengthen the leadership to implement. Departments at all levels should always work and rural \n important position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarchical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to implementation.
County nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is \ctor\bilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. Second, we must strengthen the test implementation of the Governor. Role play the Governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and \ove assessment methods and evaluation system, accurate assessment. Combined with \y, tree benchmark\ng five major operations, carry on and gain firsthand experience of supervision, in particular, to strengthen the focus on the \ns \sion, urged all levels longer on duty in place. Through the supervisory assessment, to promote habits, stimulating power. Third, we must strengthen implementation style. Departments at all levels to work in rural areas and \water treatment\ng cadres for major platforms, compete against large examination room, inspection cadres work performance of the ring, water control and the Japanese pulled a workout, training, discovery and selection of cadres. Than good catch up, first to excellence-oriented. Party members and cadres at all levels must adhere to the rural, water control and the Japanese pulled a grass-roots, \down the shelf, leaned\nchmark model. Four, we must strengthen propaganda implementation. Comprehensive utilization of micro-credit, micro-blogging, new media, mining, summarizing, good publicity work in the countryside and \ advanced models, point to gather positive energy for the community to see the results of our work in time, increase public awareness, participation rates, satisfaction and support. Play gongqingfu, a mass organization and grass-roots such aschools, communityThe role of2
ocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of %unauthorised\d. The township \horised\he existing building \household, one document\ork must be unconditional and full coverage. Main corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a %unauthorised village\According to \d villages\nd shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files, the real \horised village\created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. Promoting the \w\ork to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthorised network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression, demolition work to ensure that the new \o tolerance\cond, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective fulfilment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation \building demolition, modification, use\combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is. To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to \e to split\nd \des\he shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and \d sides\ries work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residential demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put \odified a split\raditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effectivoptimization park environment(1分)[4]在工业发酵生产中用于大量产生代谢产物的发酵培养基，应以低碳高氮（即 CN 低）为宜。 答：（ ）
(1分)[5]紫硫细菌、绿硫细菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氢细菌生长所需要的碳源物是 CO2或碳酸盐。 答：（ ）
(1分)[6]一些肠道细菌除必须供给有机碳源外，尚需要少量 CO2才能正常生长。 答： （ ）(1分)[7]多数真菌、放线菌和许多细菌是生长因子异养型微生物。 答：（ ）
(1分)[8]几乎自然界中所有含碳的物质均可被不同的微生物作为碳源加以利用。 答： （ ）(1分)[9]对许多异养微生物来说，葡萄糖既是其生长所必需的碳源，又可作为能源，因此具有双重营养功能。 答：（ ）
(1分)[10]单纯扩散是微生物细胞获取营养物质的主要方式之一，例如：糖类、醇类和氨基酸分子可通过单纯扩散进入微生物细胞。 答：（ ）
(1分)[11]促进扩散是由膜内外营养物的浓度差驱动、有载体蛋白质参与的营养物运输方式。 答：（ ）
(1分)[12]基团移位是微生物细胞需要有磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸-已糖磷酸转移酶系参与，需要消耗能量并使溶质分子在运送前后发生分子结构改变的一种运输方式。 答：（ ）
(1分)[13]凡是能够为微生物的生命活动提供结构物质、能量、代谢调节物质和良好生理环境的物质，均称为微生物的营养物。 答：（ ） (1分)[14]还原态的NH是硝化细菌的能源和氮源物质，具有双功能营养作用。 答： （ ）(1分)[15]主动运输的机制在于通过消耗能量改变特异性载体蛋白的构象，从而逆浓度梯度吸收外界环境的营养物质。 答：（ ）
(1分)[16]牛肉膏属于 C、H、O、N类营养物，它可作为异养微生物的碳源、氮源和能源，具有三功能营养作用。 答：（ ）
(1分)[17]产甲烷细菌只能以CO2或某些1C和2C化合物作为能源，而甲烷氧化菌仅能以甲烷和甲醇作为碳源物质。 答：（ ）
(1分)[18]自然界中所有的动物和大量的异养微生物是氨基酸自养型生物，而所有的绿色植物和很多的微生物是氨基酸异养型生物。 答：（ ）
(1分)[19]在工业发酵生产中所用的“种子”培养基，其氮源含量应偏低些（即CN比高）为宜。 答：（ ）
四、名词解释(14小题,共40.0分) (3分)[1]通透酶（透性酶 permease） (3分)[2]非可逆性凝固培养基：（non-reversible solidified medium） (3分)[3]生长因子自养型微生物（auxoautotrophs） (4分)[4]异养微生物（heterotrophs） (3分)[5]基团移位（group translocation）
(3分)[6]热稳载体蛋白（Hpr,heat-stable carrier protein） (3分)[7]碳源谱（spectrum of carbon source） (3分)[8]自养微生物（autotrophs） (3分)[9]碳氮比（C/N）
(2分)[10]单功能营养物（mono-functional nutrient） (3分)[11]光能异养型（photoheterotroph） (3分)[12]促进扩散（facilitated diffusion） (3分)[13]主动运输（active transport） (1分)[14]能源（energy source）
nd improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environment improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. Five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. Third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to strengthen responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. All localities and departments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this year's objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. First, we must strengthen the leadership to implement. Departments at all levels should always work and rural \n important position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarchical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to implementation.
County nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is \ctor\bilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. Second, we must strengthen the test implementation of the Governor. Role play the Governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and \ove assessment methods and evaluation system, accurate assessment. Combined with \y, tree benchmark\ng five major operations, carry on and gain firsthand experience of supervision, in particular, to strengthen the focus on the \ns \sion, urged all levels longer on duty in place. Through the supervisory assessment, to promote habits, stimulating power. Third, we must strengthen implementation style. Departments at all levels to work in rural areas and \water treatment\ng cadres for major platforms, compete against large examination room, inspection cadres work performance of the ring, water control and the Japanese pulled a workout, training, discovery and selection of cadres. Than good catch up, first to excellence-oriented. Party members and cadres at all levels must adhere to the rural, water control and the Japanese pulled a grass-roots, \down the shelf, leaned\lay, become a benchmark model. Four, we must strengthen propaganda implementation. Comprehensive utilization of micro-credit, micro-blogging, new media, mining, summarizing, good publicity work in the countryside and \odels, point to gather positive energy for the community to see the results of our work in time, increase publiawareness, participation rates, satisfaction and support. Play gongqingfu, a mass organization and grass-roots such aschools, communityThe role of3